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Lesson 10 ยท Vocabulary ยท Society & Education

๐Ÿซ College & Education Vocabulary

Master these 9 key words. They appear in reading, listening and speaking tasks throughout this course.

๐Ÿ“š Key Vocabulary

๐ŸŽ“
graduate
finish university / get a degree
๐Ÿซ
college
place of higher education
๐Ÿšช
drop out
leave school without finishing
๐ŸŽค
lecture
formal talk by a professor
๐Ÿ“–
major
main subject of study
๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“
graduate student
studying after first degree
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
seminar
small discussion class
๐Ÿ’ฐ
scholarship
money given for studying
๐Ÿ“œ
degree
university qualification
๐Ÿ’ก Memory Trick โ€” "Students Must Do Great!"

Scholarship ยท Major ยท Degree ยท Graduate โ€” the four most tested words! ๐Ÿง 

๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Multiple Choice
1. She received money from the government to help pay for her studies. What did she get? ๐Ÿ’ฐ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Fill in the Blank
2. He chose chemistry as his main subject at university. He decided to in chemistry.
โœ… major โ€” "to major in [subject]" = to choose it as your main area of study.
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Match the Words
Click a word on the left, then its meaning on the right to match them!
๐Ÿ“œ degree
small discussion class ๐Ÿ’ฌ
๐ŸŽค lecture
university qualification ๐ŸŽ“
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ seminar
leave school early ๐Ÿšช
๐Ÿšช drop out
formal talk to many students ๐Ÿ“ข
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” Multiple Choice
4. He studied for four years and completed his qualification. He now has a __________. ๐ŸŽ“
Lesson 10 ยท Listening ยท Society & Education

๐ŸŽง Listening: Friends at University

Press Play to hear the dialogue. Follow along, then answer the questions below.

๐ŸŽง Dialogue โ€” Two friends talk about their classmate Maria

๐Ÿง‘ Alex: "Did you hear? Maria got a full scholarship to study abroad! ๐ŸŽ‰"
๐Ÿ‘ฉ Beth: "Amazing! She always wanted to major in medicine. That's her dream!"
๐Ÿง‘ Alex: "She almost had to drop out last year โ€” her family couldn't afford the fees. ๐Ÿ˜ข"
๐Ÿ‘ฉ Beth: "I remember. She had lectures every morning at 8am and worked part-time at night! ๐Ÿ˜ฎ"
๐Ÿง‘ Alex: "Now she's going to graduate with an excellent degree. She really deserves it! ๐Ÿ’ช"
๐ŸŽฏ Listening Q1 โ€” Comprehension
Why did Maria almost drop out of university? ๐Ÿ˜ข
๐ŸŽฏ Listening Q2 โ€” Vocabulary in Context
In the dialogue, what does "major in medicine" mean? ๐Ÿ”ฌ
๐ŸŽฏ Listening Q3 โ€” Open Answer
What two things does the dialogue tell us about Maria's daily schedule? ๐Ÿ“…
โœ… 1. She had lectures every morning at 8am (very early!)
2. She worked part-time at night โ€” so she was studying AND working at the same time. Very hard-working! ๐Ÿ’ช
Lesson 11 ยท Grammar ยท Noun Phrases

๐Ÿ”ข Quantity: much, many, a little, a few, a lot of

Know exactly which word to use โ€” this is one of the most common grammar tests at B1!

๐Ÿ“Š Reference Table

WordCountable โœ…Uncountable โœ…When?
muchโŒโœ…Negatives & questions mainly
manyโœ…โŒNegatives & questions mainly
a littleโŒโœ…Small amount โ€” positive
a fewโœ…โŒSmall number โ€” positive
a lot of / lots ofโœ…โœ…All sentences โ€” safe choice!

๐Ÿ”‘ The COUNT TEST โ€” Never Get This Wrong Again!

Ask yourself: Can I count this? โ†’ 1 apple, 2 apples? โ†’ YES โœ… = COUNTABLE โ†’ use many / a few
Water? โ†’ 1 water, 2 waters? โ†’ NO โŒ = UNCOUNTABLE โ†’ use much / a little
Not sure? โ†’ use a lot of โ€” it works for BOTH types every time! ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
โš ๏ธ "much" in positive statements sounds strange โ†’ "I have much time" โŒ โ†’ "I have a lot of time" โœ…
๐Ÿ’ง "There isn't much water." โ†’ water = uncountable โœ…
๐Ÿ“š "There aren't many books." โ†’ books = countable โœ…
๐Ÿง‚ "Add a little salt." โ†’ salt = uncountable, positive โœ…
๐Ÿ‘ซ "A few friends came to my party." โ†’ friends = countable, positive โœ…
๐ŸŽต "I listen to a lot of music." + "I know a lot of songs." โœ… both!
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Choose the Correct Word
1. "I don't have ________ money for lunch today." ๐Ÿ’ธ (money = uncountable)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Error Correction
2. Fix the mistake: "She has much friends in her class." ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘
โŒ much friends โ†’ โœ… many friends
"Friends" is countable (1 friend, 2 friends) โ†’ must use MANY โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Fill in the Blank
3. "She only drank ________ coffee this morning." โ˜• (small amount, uncountable, positive)
โœ… a little โ€” coffee = uncountable โœ… + small amount, positive sentence โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” Multiple Choice
4. "How ________ students passed the exam?" ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸŽ“
Lesson 12 ยท Vocabulary ยท Everyday Life โ€” Food

๐Ÿณ Cooking Verbs

These 8 verbs describe how we prepare and cook food. You need them for reading, listening and writing!

๐Ÿฅ”
peel
remove skin
๐Ÿ”ช
slice
cut into thin pieces
โ™จ๏ธ
boil
heat liquid to 100ยฐC
๐ŸŒก๏ธ
heat
make something warm/hot
๐Ÿ”ฅ
roast
cook in oven with dry heat
๐Ÿฅš
beat
mix rapidly (eggs etc.)
โž•
add
put an ingredient in
๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ
fry
cook in hot oil
๐Ÿ’ก Recipe Order Memory Trick:

"Please Start All Food Before Resting & Breaking eggs" โ†’ Peel ยท Slice ยท Add ยท Fry ยท Boil ยท Roast ยท Beat ๐Ÿฅš

๐ŸŽง Listen: Simple Khmer-Style Recipe ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ญ

๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿณ "Welcome! Today we cook a simple stir-fry! ๐Ÿฅ˜ Step one: peel three cloves of garlic ๐Ÿง„. Step two: slice the vegetables thinly ๐Ÿ”ช. Step three: heat the oil in a pan until hot ๐ŸŒก๏ธ. Step four: fry the garlic for one minute ๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ. Step five: add the vegetables and stir well โž•. Step six: boil the sauce separately, then pour it in โ™จ๏ธ. For extra flavour, you can also roast the meat in the oven first ๐Ÿ”ฅ. Finally, beat two eggs and mix them in at the end ๐Ÿฅš. Enjoy! ๐Ÿ˜‹"
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Sequence the Steps
According to the recipe, what is the CORRECT order? ๐Ÿณ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Definition Match
Which verb means "to cook something in very hot oil"? ๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Fill in the Blank
3. Remove the skin from the potato first. You need to ________ it. ๐Ÿฅ”
โœ… peel โ€” "peel the potato" = remove its skin before cooking.
Lesson 12 ยท Grammar ยท Future

๐Ÿ”ฎ Future: going to

Use "going to" for future plans and intentions that were already decided before the moment of speaking.

๐Ÿ“ Formula

โœ… +  Subject + am/is/are + going to + BASE VERB
โŒ โˆ’  Subject + am/is/are + NOT + going to + BASE VERB
โ“ ?  Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + BASE VERB?
๐Ÿ›ซ "I am going to travel to Thailand next month." โ†’ planned in advance โœ…
๐Ÿณ "She is going to cook dinner tonight." โ†’ she/he/it โ†’ IS โœ…
๐Ÿšซ "We are not going to be late." โ†’ negative form โœ…
โ“ "Are you going to attend the ceremony?" โ†’ question form โœ…

๐Ÿ”‘ Going To vs Will โ€” Quick Decision Guide

๐Ÿ”ฎ Going to = plan ALREADY DECIDED before now โ†’ "I'm going to visit grandma this Sunday." (decided last week) ๐Ÿ“…
โšก Will = decision made RIGHT NOW in the moment โ†’ "OK I'll carry your bag!" ๐ŸŽ’
โš ๏ธ Never say "is going to went" โ€” after "going to" always BASE VERB: "is going to go" โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Choose the Correct Form
1. "He ________ study engineering โ€” he already applied!" ๐Ÿ”ง
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Make a Question
2. Rewrite as a question: "They are going to open a new restaurant." โ“๐Ÿฝ๏ธ
โœ… "Are they going to open a new restaurant?"
Move "are" to the front of the sentence: Are + subject + going to + base verb?
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Error Correction
3. Fix the mistake: "She is going to went to the market tomorrow." ๐Ÿ›’
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” Fill in the Blank
4. "________ she going to attend the seminar next week?"
โœ… Is โ€” "she" is singular (third person) โ†’ Is she going to...? โœ…
Lessons 8โ€“9 ยท Reading ยท General Knowledge ยท Overseas Travel

โœˆ๏ธ Air Travel & Going Overseas

Key vocabulary and comprehension for air travel situations โ€” important for real life and exams!

๐Ÿ›ซ
departure
when a plane leaves
๐Ÿ›ฌ
arrival
when a plane lands
๐ŸŽซ
boarding pass
ticket to board plane
๐Ÿ’ผ
check-in
register at airport desk
๐Ÿšจ
customs
border check for items
๐ŸŒ
overseas
in / to another country
๐Ÿ›‚
passport control
check identity documents
๐Ÿงณ
luggage
bags and suitcases (uncountable!)

๐ŸŽง Listen: At Phnom Penh International Airport โœˆ๏ธ

๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ผ Passenger: "Excuse me, where is the check-in desk for the Bangkok flight? ๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ญ"
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โœˆ๏ธ Staff: "Gate B3, sir. Please have your boarding pass and passport ready. Departure is at 14:30."
๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ผ Passenger: "Is there a luggage limit for overseas flights?"
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โœˆ๏ธ Staff: "Yes โ€” 23kg per bag. After landing, you will go through passport control, then customs."
๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ผ Passenger: "Thank you! And what time is the arrival in Bangkok?"
๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โœˆ๏ธ Staff: "Approximately 15:45 local time. Have a safe flight! โœˆ๏ธ"
๐ŸŽฏ Reading Q1 โ€” Comprehension
What time does the Bangkok flight depart? ๐Ÿ•‘
๐ŸŽฏ Reading Q2 โ€” Vocabulary
Which TWO things must the passenger go through after landing? ๐Ÿ›ฌ
โœ… Passport control (checks your identity / documents) AND Customs (checks what items you are bringing into the country).
๐ŸŽฏ Vocabulary Q3 โ€” Grammar Note
"Luggage" โ€” countable or uncountable? How do we use it correctly? ๐Ÿงณ
โœ… Uncountable! โ†’ "some luggage" โœ… | "a luggage" โŒ | "luggages" โŒ
Same rule as: furniture, information, homework, advice, equipment.
Lesson 14 ยท Reading ยท Everyday Life โ€” Housing

๐Ÿ  Homes & Housing Vocabulary

Learn the words for the parts and features of a home. These appear in reading and listening sections.

โ„๏ธ
air conditioning
cools the room
๐Ÿšช
front door
main entrance
๐Ÿšช
back door
rear entrance
โฌ†๏ธ
upstairs
the floor above
โฌ‡๏ธ
downstairs
the floor below
๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
living room
family relaxing space
๐Ÿš—
garage
space to park cars
๐ŸŒฟ
yard
outdoor garden space
๐Ÿช‘
furniture
tables, chairs, beds etc.
โš ๏ธ Uncountable Noun Alert: "Furniture"

"Furniture" is UNCOUNTABLE. โ†’ "some furniture" โœ… ยท "a furniture" โŒ ยท "furnitures" โŒ
Same for: information, homework, advice, luggage, equipment

๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1
The kitchen is on the ground floor. The bathroom is on the second floor. Where is the bathroom? ๐Ÿ›
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Fill in the Blank
2. "It's 35ยฐC outside! Thankfully we have __________ in every room." โ„๏ธ
โœ… air conditioning โ€” the essential item in Cambodia! โ„๏ธ๐Ÿ˜‚
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Match the Rooms
๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ living room
park cars inside ๐Ÿš—
๐ŸŒฟ yard
family relax + watch TV ๐Ÿ“บ
๐Ÿš— garage
outdoor green space ๐ŸŒฑ
Lesson 15 ยท Grammar ยท Auxiliary Verbs

๐Ÿ’ผ Have to / Don't have to

Express necessity and lack of necessity โ€” key for workplace and everyday situations.

๐Ÿ“ Formula

โœ… Obligation:   Subject + have/has to + BASE VERB
โŒ Not needed: Subject + don't/doesn't have to + BASE VERB
โ“ Question:   Do/Does + subject + have to + BASE VERB?
๐Ÿ“‹ "I have to submit this report today." โ†’ it is necessary โœ…
๐Ÿ‘” "She has to wear a uniform." โ†’ she/he/it โ†’ HAS (not have!) โœ…
๐Ÿ˜Ž "You don't have to stay late." โ†’ not required, your choice โœ…
โ“ "Does he have to attend the meeting?" โ†’ question โœ…

โš ๏ธ Critical Difference: Must Not vs Don't Have To

Must not / Mustn't = FORBIDDEN โ€” it is absolutely NOT allowed ๐Ÿšซ
Don't have to = NOT NECESSARY โ€” you can choose to do it if you want ๐Ÿ†“
"You must not cheat in the exam." = If you do, there will be serious consequences! ๐Ÿšซ
"You don't have to bring lunch." = We provide food, but bring your own if you prefer ๐Ÿฑ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1
1. "She ________ bring her own textbook โ€” the college provides them." (not necessary) ๐Ÿ“–
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Fill in the Blank
2. "________ students have to wear ID badges at your college?"
โœ… Do โ€” "students" = plural โ†’ Do (not Does). "Does" is for he/she/it. โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Multiple Choice
3. "You ________ talk during the exam. It's against the rules!" ๐Ÿšซ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Lesson 16 ยท Vocabulary ยท Everyday Life โ€” Health

๐Ÿ’Š Health & Illness Vocabulary

Essential phrases for describing how you feel, talking about symptoms, and visiting the doctor.

๐Ÿคง
catch a cold
get a cold illness
๐Ÿค’
sore throat
painful throat
๐Ÿ˜ท
what's the matter?
what's wrong?
๐Ÿซ
cough
force air from throat
๐Ÿคง
sneeze
sudden air from nose
๐Ÿ”™
my back aches
back has pain
๐Ÿ˜ต
feel dizzy
feel like spinning
๐Ÿ’Š
take medicine
use pills or syrup
๐ŸŒก๏ธ
fever
high body temperature
๐Ÿฆต
have a pain in the leg
leg hurts

๐ŸŽง Listen: At the Doctor's Clinic ๐Ÿฅ

๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš•๏ธ Doctor: "Good morning! What's the matter? ๐Ÿ˜ท"
๐Ÿค’ Patient: "I think I caught a cold. I have a sore throat and I feel dizzy."
๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš•๏ธ Doctor: "Do you have a fever?"
๐Ÿค’ Patient: "Yes โ€” 38.5 degrees. I also cough and sneeze a lot, and my back aches terribly!"
๐Ÿ‘จโ€โš•๏ธ Doctor: "I see. Take this medicine three times a day, drink plenty of water, and rest! ๐Ÿ’ง"
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Comprehension
How many different symptoms does the patient describe to the doctor? ๐Ÿค’
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Phrase Meaning
"What's the matter?" โ€” what does this mean? ๐Ÿ˜ท
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Fill in the Blank
3. "Oh no โ€” I think I __________ a cold! My throat hurts and I keep sneezing." ๐Ÿคง
โœ… caught โ€” "I caught a cold" = past simple of "catch a cold". We say CATCH a cold (like catching a ball the virus "catches" you!) ๐Ÿ˜‚
Lesson 16 ยท Grammar ยท Auxiliary Verbs

โœ… Should / Shouldn't

Give advice and recommendations โ€” one of the highest-frequency structures in everyday English!

๐Ÿ“ Formula

โœ… +  Subject + should + BASE VERB   (NO "to"!)
โŒ โˆ’  Subject + shouldn't + BASE VERB
โ“ ?  Should + subject + BASE VERB?
๐Ÿ’Š "You should take medicine." โ†’ good advice โœ…
๐Ÿšฌ "You shouldn't smoke." โ†’ bad idea โŒ
โ“ "Should I call a doctor?" โ†’ asking for advice โ“
๐ŸŒ™ "You shouldn't stay up too late." โ†’ negative advice โœ…

๐Ÿ”‘ Critical Rule โ€” No "to", no "s"!

After "should/shouldn't" โ†’ BASE VERB only (no "to", no "s", no "-ing")
โœ… "She should go" | โŒ "She should to go" | โŒ "She should goes"
Should is WEAKER than "have to" โ€” it's advice, not a rule or law!
"should" = good idea ยท "shouldn't" = bad idea ยท "have to" = it's a RULE ๐Ÿ“‹
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Choose the Correct Sentence
1. Which sentence is grammatically CORRECT? โœ”๏ธ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Write Advice
2. Your friend has a cold and a fever ๐ŸŒก๏ธ. Write TWO pieces of advice using should/shouldn't.
โœ… "You should rest at home today." ๐Ÿ›Œ
โœ… "You should take medicine and drink water." ๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’ง
โœ… "You shouldn't come to school." ๐Ÿซ
โœ… "You shouldn't eat cold food." ๐Ÿฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Should or Have To?
3. "Students ________ wear ID badges to enter the exam room." (it's a RULE, not just advice!) ๐Ÿชช
Lessons 17โ€“18 ยท Listening + Reading ยท People & Relationships

๐Ÿค People, Relationships & Feelings

Describe personality types, social situations, and emotions โ€” key for speaking and writing tasks!

๐Ÿ‘ฅ Personality & Social Vocabulary

๐ŸŒ
networking
meeting people professionally
๐Ÿฆ‹
social butterfly
loves socialising everywhere
๐Ÿ’ฌ
chit-chat
informal small talk
๐ŸŒฑ
down-to-earth
practical and humble
๐Ÿ˜Š
easy-going
relaxed and calm
๐Ÿ“–
background
personal history/origin
โค๏ธ
be into (sth)
really enjoy something
๐Ÿšถ
hang out
spend casual time together

๐Ÿ˜Š Feelings & Emotions

๐Ÿ˜ฒ
surprised
shocked / unexpected
๐Ÿคฉ
excited
very happy/enthusiastic
๐Ÿ˜ข
upset
unhappy and disturbed
๐Ÿ˜Ÿ
worried
anxious about something
๐Ÿ˜Œ
relaxed
calm and stress-free
๐Ÿ˜‘
bored
nothing interesting
๐Ÿ˜”
lonely
sad from being alone
๐Ÿ˜จ
frightened
very scared

๐Ÿ”‘ The -ed vs -ing Adjective Rule

-ed adjective = describes how the PERSON feels โ†’ "I am bored." ๐Ÿ˜‘
-ing adjective = describes what CAUSES the feeling โ†’ "The lesson is boring." ๐Ÿ˜‘
Same rule for ALL pairs: excited/exciting ยท frightened/frightening ยท surprised/surprising ยท worried/worrying
Test: Is it the PERSON or the THING/SITUATION? Person = -ed ยท Thing = -ing
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” -ed or -ing?
1. "The exam results were so __________ ! She scored 100%!" ๐Ÿคฉ (the results CAUSE excitement)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Phrasal Verbs
2. "I ________ K-pop. I listen to it every single day!" ๐ŸŽต
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Personality Description
3. "She goes to every party, talks to everyone, and loves meeting new people." What kind of person is she? ๐Ÿฆ‹
Lessons 17โ€“18 ยท Grammar ยท Adjectives and Adverbs

โฐ Since / For / Ago / Fromโ€ฆTo / Until

Master these time expressions โ€” they appear in almost every part of the B1 exam!

๐Ÿ“Œ Core Reference Table

WordUseExample
sinceSpecific starting POINT in time"since 2020 / since Monday"
forDURATION โ€” length of time"for 3 years / for 2 hours"
agoDistance BEFORE NOW โ€” past simple"3 years ago / 10 minutes ago"
fromโ€ฆtoStart time โ†’ End time"from 8am to 5pm"
untilContinuing up to a point then stopping"until Friday / until I arrive"

๐Ÿ”‘ SINCE vs FOR โ€” The Ultimate Memory Trick

๐Ÿ”ต SINCE = a specific POINT โ†’ a year, a date, a day, "I was young", "I started college"
๐ŸŸข FOR = a PERIOD of time โ†’ "3 years", "2 hours", "a long time", "six months"
Quick test: Is it countable as a DURATION? โ†’ FOR | Is it a specific MOMENT? โ†’ SINCE
๐Ÿ”ด AGO = always goes at the END and uses PAST SIMPLE, not present perfect!
"She moved here 3 years ago." โœ… | "She moved here since 3 years." โŒ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1
1. "I have studied English ________ 5 years." โฑ๏ธ (5 years = a duration)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2
2. "He graduated two years __________." ๐ŸŽ“ (distance before NOW)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Fill in the Blank
3. "She has worked here ________ she joined the company in 2021."
โœ… since โ€” "she joined in 2021" is a specific POINT in time โ†’ SINCE โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” fromโ€ฆto
4. "The college library is open ________ 8am ________ 6pm."
โœ… from 8am to 6pm โ€” FROM...TO marks a start and end point in time โœ…
โญ Special Student Request ยท Grammar

๐Ÿ”„ Present Perfect Continuous

Students asked for this โ€” and it's one of the most important structures for B1 and beyond! Master it here.

๐Ÿ“Œ When to Use the PPC

  • 1๏ธโƒฃ An action that STARTED in the past and is STILL happening NOW ๐Ÿ”„
  • 2๏ธโƒฃ An action that recently STOPPED but has visible results right now ๐Ÿ‘€
  • 3๏ธโƒฃ To emphasise the DURATION or CONTINUITY of an action โณ

๐Ÿ“ The Formula โ€” 3 Parts โ€” Always All 3!

โœ… +  Subject + have/has + been + verb-ING
โŒ โˆ’  Subject + haven't/hasn't been + verb-ING
โ“ ?  Have/Has + subject + been + verb-ING?
๐Ÿ“š "I have been studying for 3 hours." โ†’ still studying right now โœ…
๐Ÿณ "She has been cooking since 2pm." โ†’ she/he/it = HAS โœ…
โ“ "How long have you been waiting?" โ†’ question โœ…
๐Ÿ˜ด "He hasn't been sleeping well." โ†’ negative โœ…

๐Ÿ†š PPC vs Present Perfect Simple

PPC (have been -ing)PP Simple (have -ed / irregular)
Focus on DURATION / PROCESS ๐Ÿ”„Focus on COMPLETION / RESULT โœ…
"I have been reading all day." (still going)"I have read the book." (finished!)
"She has been working here for 2 years.""She has worked here." (at some point)
Your hands are wet โ†’ "Have you been washing?" ๐Ÿซง"Have you washed the dishes?" (done or not?)

๐Ÿ”‘ PPC Cheat Codes โ€” Memorise These!

Formula shortcut: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + -ING โ€” all 3 parts, always!
He/She/It/Everyone โ†’ HAS been | I/You/We/They โ†’ HAVE been
Key signal words: "for", "since", "how long", "all day", "lately", "recently" โ†’ think PPC!
PPC = DURATION focus | PP Simple = RESULT focus
โš ๏ธ Common error: "He have been study" โŒ โ†’ "He has been studying" โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Complete the Sentence
1. "They ________ (wait) for 45 minutes! The bus is so late! ๐Ÿ˜ค" โ€” Use PPC.
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Fill in the Blank
2. "She __________ (live) in Phnom Penh since 2018."
โœ… has been living โ€” She = singular โ†’ HAS + been + live-ING โœ…
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Full Error Correction
3. Fix ALL errors: "He have been study here since 3 years ago." โœ๏ธ
โœ… "He has been studying here for 3 years."
โ€ข have โ†’ has (he = singular)
โ€ข study โ†’ studying (PPC requires -ING)
โ€ข since 3 years โ†’ for 3 years (duration of time = FOR, not SINCE)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” PPC or PP Simple?
4. Choose the sentence that shows DURATION, not completion. ๐Ÿ”„
โญ Special Student Request ยท Grammar ยท All Levels

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ Modal Verbs โ€” Complete Master Guide

Students asked for a dedicated modal verbs section! Modal verbs are in every part of the exam. Master them ALL here.

๐Ÿ“Œ The Golden Rule of ALL Modal Verbs

After every modal verb โ†’ BASE VERB only (no "to", no "s", no "-ing")
โœ… "She can speak Khmer." | โŒ "She can speaks" | โŒ "She can to speak"

๐Ÿ“Š Complete Modal Verb Table

ModalMeaning / UseExample ๐ŸŒŸ
๐Ÿ”ต canAbility / Permission (present)"I can swim." ๐ŸŠ
๐ŸŸข couldPast ability / Polite request"Could you help me?" ๐Ÿ™
๐ŸŸก shouldAdvice / Recommendation"You should rest." ๐Ÿ˜ด
๐ŸŸ  have toNecessity / Obligation (rule)"I have to attend." ๐Ÿ“‹
๐Ÿ”ด must / must notStrong obligation / Forbidden"You must not cheat." ๐Ÿšซ
๐ŸŸฃ willFuture โ€” instant/spontaneous decision"I'll help you!" โšก
โšช wouldPolite / Conditional"I would like coffee." โ˜•
๐Ÿ”ต might / mayPossibility โ€” not certain"It might rain." ๐ŸŒง๏ธ

๐Ÿ”‘ Modal Verb Master Cheat Codes

1. Never add "s" to modal verbs โ†’ "She can" โœ… | "She cans" โŒ
2. Never use "to" after most modals โ†’ "should go" โœ… | "should to go" โŒ
3. EXCEPTION: "have TO" always uses "to" โ€” this is different from other modals!
4. Must not = FORBIDDEN ๐Ÿšซ | Don't have to = not necessary ๐Ÿ†“ (totally different!)
5. Could/Would = more polite than can/will โ†’ use in formal/respectful situations ๐Ÿค
6. Might/May = possibility (50% or less certain) โ†’ "It might rain." (I'm not sure) ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 1 โ€” Forbidden or Not Necessary?
1. "You ________ use your phone in the exam. It is strictly forbidden!" ๐Ÿšซ๐Ÿ“ฑ
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 2 โ€” Error Correction
2. Fix the mistake: "He might comes to the party later." ๐ŸŽ‰
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 3 โ€” Past Ability
3. "I ________ swim when I was only 4 years old. My dad taught me! ๐ŸŠ" (past ability)
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 4 โ€” Polite Requests
4. How do you ask your teacher POLITELY to repeat something? ๐Ÿค
โœ… "Could you explain that again, please?" (most polite) ๐Ÿ™
โœ… "Would you mind repeating that?" ๐ŸŽ“
"Can you repeat that?" = less formal but also correct โœ…
"Must you repeat..." โŒ โ€” must is obligation, not for requests!
๐ŸŽฏ Activity 5 โ€” Write Your Own
5. Write one sentence with "must not" and one with "don't have to". Show the difference! โœ๏ธ
โœ… "You must not copy in the exam." ๐Ÿšซ (it is FORBIDDEN โ€” serious consequences!)
โœ… "You don't have to wear a tie." ๐Ÿ†“ (it's not required, but you can if you want)
Final Review ยท All Topics ยท B1 Intermediate

๐Ÿ† Final Mixed Review โ€” Everything!

Put ALL your knowledge together. These questions mix grammar and vocabulary from every lesson. Good luck! ๐Ÿ’ช

๐ŸŽฏ Final Q1 โ€” Present Perfect Continuous
1. "The students ________ (revise) all morning. They look tired!" ๐Ÿ“š
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q2 โ€” Vocabulary
2. She received money from the college to fund her studies. She got a __________. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q3 โ€” Modal Verbs
3. "It's 11pm and you have school tomorrow. You ________ sleep." ๐ŸŒ™ (advice)
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q4 โ€” Quantity
4. "Is there ________ information about the exam schedule on the website?" ๐Ÿ’ป
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q5 โ€” Since / For
5. "I have been learning to drive ________ I turned 18." ๐Ÿš—
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q6 โ€” Going To
6. "________ they going to attend the graduation ceremony?" ๐ŸŽ“
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q7 โ€” Health Vocabulary
7. You keep sneezing and your temperature is 38.5ยฐC. Which TWO health problems do you have? ๐Ÿค’
โœ… You are sneezing (sudden air from the nose) AND you have a fever (high body temperature above 37.5ยฐC). You may have also caught a cold! ๐Ÿคง
๐ŸŽฏ Final Q8 โ€” MEGA Error Hunt ๐Ÿ”ฅ
8. Find and fix ALL mistakes: "She have been study cooking since 2 years and now she should to opens a restaurant." ๐Ÿณ
โœ… "She has been studying cooking for 2 years and now she should open a restaurant."

Error 1: have โ†’ has (she = singular, needs HAS)
Error 2: study โ†’ studying (PPC requires -ING)
Error 3: since 2 years โ†’ for 2 years ("2 years" is a DURATION, not a point)
Error 4: should to opens โ†’ should open (no "to" + no "s" after should)
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